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To’abaita language
== Toqabaqita/To'abaita Language ==
Toqabaqita is the language spoken by the people living at the north-western tip of Malaita Island, of South Eastern Solomon Islands. Toqabaqita, also known as To’abaita as well as To’ambaita, Malu and Malu’u is an Austronesian language.〔Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1〕 The website ''Ethnologue'' records the number of speakers of Toqabaqita as 12,600 in 1999.〔Lewia, 2015〕 Lichtenberk, who has written an extensive grammar of Toqabaqita reports that Toqabaqita may be part of a North Malaita group of dialects which includes Baeguu, Baelelae and Fataleka, and possibly Lau. Ethnoloque however reports no known dialects of Toqabaqita, but reports that within this group of languages, they are mutually intelligible.〔Lichtenberk, 2008, p.1〕 Lichtenberk points out that the speakers of Toqabaqita do recognize similarities across the whole island’s languages, but the Toqabaqita people themselves do not have this conception of North Malaita being a language and Toqabaqita as a dialect within this group.〔Lichtenberk, 2008〕
Toqabaqita is classified as member of the Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Central-Eastern Oceanic, Southeast Solomonic language family. Then there is a slight divergence in classification between Lichtenberk and Glottolog.〔Hammarström, 2015〕 Lichetenberk classifies the next subgrouping as Longgu/Malaita/Makira (San Crisobel), whereas Glottolog does not include Longgu at this point, but instead as a sister subgroup to Malaita/Makira.〔Hammarström, 2015〕
The Wikipedia entry for Longgu, which is a Southeast Solomonic language spoken on Guadalcanal, is reported to be originally from Malaita. Lichtenberg then breaks the Malaita/Makira subgroup into the Central/Northern and Southern Malaita subgroups, then North Malaita subgroup itself, to which Toqabaqita belongs.〔Lichtenberk 2008, p.5〕 In contrast Glottolog breaks the subgroup Malaita/ San Cristobel (Makira) into two subgroups Malaita/Makira and Longgu, then to North and south Malaita subgroups, where the north includes the above listed putative dialects as well as the central Malaita languages.〔Hammarström, 2015〕
The number of speakers of Toqabaqita is relatively high for a Solomon Islands language, although most speakers become bilingual in Pijin as they grow up. Toqabaqita has the status of first language for children, and ís used in daily life. Many Toqabaqita speakers also speak some English, and this is the language of the schools, although only primary schools are available locally.〔Lichtenberk, 2008〕 The literacy rate in Toqabaqita is 30-60%, and Latin script is used.〔Hammarström, 2015〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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